Chemical Bond
The
covalent bonds (non-polar and polar) are classified as bonds that occur
in non-metallic elements while ionic bonds occur in the combination of
metallic elements and a non-metallic elements.
Polar vs. Non-Polar Covalent Bond
When
two elements combine, some of the electrons from both elements can be
transferred to one another. The electronegativity, or the ability of one
element to attract and capture the other element’s electron, is
essential in determining the kind of bond of the two elements. The
transfer or attraction can cause either equal sharing or unequal sharing
of electrons.
Polar covalent bonds are characterized
with atoms with uneven or unequal numbers or the sharing of electrons
between the two electrons. These are made by two atoms with different or
not equal electronegativities.
Polar covalent bond is
having a molecule with a negative charge on one side and a positive
charge on the other side. A partial charge is also a defining trait of
this particular covalent bond.
This type of bond also
have a defined axis (or axes) of partial positive and partial negative.
Non-polar covalent bonds are the type of covalent bonds that have equal
or nearly equal sharing or distribution of electrons between two
elements.
Non-polar covalent bonds have no defined axis or axes compared with polar covalent bonds.
Note : Polar covalent bond has a dipole moment, whereas a non-polar covalent bond does not.